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The Sophisticated Operating System,^[1] or SOS/ˈsɔːs/,^[2] is the primary operating system of the Apple III computer. SOS was developed by Apple Computer and released in October 1980.

In 1985, Steve Wozniak, while critical of the Apple III's hardware flaws, called SOS 'the finest operating system on any microcomputer ever'.^[3]

Technical details[edit]

SOS is a single-tasking single-user operating system. It makes the resources of the Apple III available in the form of a menu-driven utility program as well as a programming application programming interface (API). A single program is loaded at boot time, called the interpreter. https://site-4282001-7757-1382.mystrikingly.com/blog/adobe-photoshop-pro-9. Once loaded, the interpreter can then use the SOS API to make requests of the system. The SOS API is divided into four main areas:

1. File Calls: Create, destroy, rename, open, close, read, write files; set, get prefix (current working directory); set, get file information; get volume information; set, set mark, EOF, and level of files
2. Device Calls: Get status, device number, information of a device; send device control data
3. Memory Calls: Request, find, change, release memory segment; get segment information; set segment number
4. Utility Calls: Get, set fence (event threshold); get, set time; get analog (joystick) data; terminate.

After you install the new hard drive, you will need to boot to the recovery partition on the original drive if OS 10.7 or later is installed. If OS 10.6.8 or earlier is installed, you can use the original OS install discs that came with the computer. Power on the Mac while holding down the 'Option' key.

Steve'Os Beer Garden, El Paso, Texas. 3,931 likes 11 talking about this 4,782 were here. Steve-O's Kitchen & Beer Garden, a craft beer-gourmet food based hospitality restaurant and night life. First, click the Apple logo in the top left corner of your Mac Desktop and select System Preferences, then select Extensions in the top-level menu (shown in the 3rd row from the top). Toggle on the OneDrive Finder Integration to enable Finder overlays. Open up your OneDrive folder in Finder to see overlays on your files and folders. Using your USB drive to boot Mac is not as simple as you think. You need to prepare your USB drive beforehand for this specific purpose. You have to format the USB drive and insert the proper Operating System, which is OS X. Turn on your Mac. As soon as the startup music begins you need to press and keep holding the 'Option' key.

The Apple III System Utilities program shipped with each Apple III computer. Gossip casino no deposit bonus. It provides the user interface of the operating system itself, for system configuration and file management. The System Utilities program is menu-driven and performs tasks in three categories:

1. Device-handling commands: copy, rename, format, verify volumes (drives); list devices; set time and date
2. File-handling commands: list, copy, delete, rename files; create subdirectories; set file write protection; set prefix (current working directory)
3. System Configuration Program (SCP): configure device drivers.^[4]

SOS has two types of devices it communicates with via device drivers: character devices and block devices. Examples of SOS character devices are keyboards and serial ports. Disk drives are typical block devices. Block devices can read or write one or more 512-byte blocks at a time; character devices can read or write single characters at a time.^[2]

Boot sequence[edit]

When powered on, the Apple III runs through system diagnostics, then reads block number zero from the built-in diskette drive into memory and executes it. SOS-formatted diskettes place a loader program in block zero. That loader program searches for, loads, and executes a file named SOS.KERNEL, which is the kernel and API of the operating system. The kernel, in turn, searches for and loads a file named SOS.INTERP (the interpreter, or program, to run) and SOS.DRIVER, the set of device drivers to use. Once all files are loaded, control is passed to the SOS.INTERP program.^[5]

Apple ProDOS uses the same file system as SOS. On a disk formatted by ProDOS, the ProDOS loader and SOS loader are written to blocks zero and one, respectively. The ProDOS loader includes code that can execute on an Apple III, and which will chainload the SOS loader from block one, so SOS and ProDOS can co-exist on the same volume. Some software, such as ADTPro, makes use of this to store Apple II and Apple III versions of a program on the same disk, which is then bootable on both systems.

References[edit]

1. ^Weyhrich, Steven (7 July 2001). 'DOS 3.3, ProDOS & Beyond'. Apple II History. SOS/PRODOS. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-26. The operating system designed for the Apple III computer was called 'SOS'. This title arose from the Apple III's code name, 'Sara', which itself came from the name of the daughter of engineer Wendell Sanders.
2. ^ ^abDon, Reed (1982). Apple III SOS Reference Manual(PDF). 1. Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved 2009-10-28. This manual describes SOS (pronounced 'sauce') the Sophisticated Operating System of the Apple III.
3. ^Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (January 1985). 'The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III'. BYTE (interview). United States: UBM Technology Group. 10 (1): 167. ISSN0360-5280. OCLC637876171.
4. ^'Apple III Owner's Guide'(PDF). Apple Computer, Inc. 1982. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
5. ^Jeppson, John (May 1983). 'John Jeppson's Guided Tour of Highway III'. Softalk. Softalk Publishing. 3 (9): 100–112. ISSN0274-9629. OCLC6729571.

External links[edit]

• The Apple /// FAQ File V5.1 – discusses Apple III and SOS history as well as basic information about the system

These advanced steps are primarily for system administrators and others who are familiar with the command line. You don't need a bootable installer to upgrade macOS or reinstall macOS, but it can be useful when you want to install on multiple computers without downloading the installer each time.

What you need to create a bootable installer

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• A USB flash drive or other secondary volume formatted as Mac OS Extended, with at least 14GB of available storage
• A downloaded installer for macOS Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, or El Capitan

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• Download: macOS Big Sur, macOS Catalina, macOS Mojave, or macOS High Sierra
  These download to your Applications folder as an app named Install macOS [version name]. If the installer opens after downloading, quit it without continuing installation. To get the correct installer, download from a Mac that is using macOS Sierra 10.12.5 or later, or El Capitan 10.11.6. Enterprise administrators, please download from Apple, not a locally hosted software-update server.
• Download: OS X El Capitan
  This downloads as a disk image named InstallMacOSX.dmg. On a Mac that is compatible with El Capitan, open the disk image and run the installer within, named InstallMacOSX.pkg. It installs an app named Install OS X El Capitan into your Applications folder. You will create the bootable installer from this app, not from the disk image or .pkg installer.

Use the 'createinstallmedia' command in Terminal

1. Connect the USB flash drive or other volume that you're using for the bootable installer.
2. Open Terminal, which is in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
3. Type or paste one of the following commands in Terminal. These assume that the installer is in your Applications folder, and MyVolume is the name of the USB flash drive or other volume you're using. If it has a different name, replace MyVolume in these commands with the name of your volume.

Big Sur:*

Catalina:*

Mojave:*

High Sierra:*

El Capitan:

* If your Mac is using macOS Sierra or earlier, include the --applicationpath argument and installer path, similar to the way this is done in the command for El Capitan.

After typing the command:

1. Press Return to enter the command.
2. When prompted, type your administrator password and press Return again. Terminal doesn't show any characters as you type your password.
3. When prompted, type Y to confirm that you want to erase the volume, then press Return. Terminal shows the progress as the volume is erased.
4. After the volume is erased, you may see an alert that Terminal would like to access files on a removable volume. Click OK to allow the copy to proceed.
5. When Terminal says that it's done, the volume will have the same name as the installer you downloaded, such as Install macOS Big Sur. You can now quit Terminal and eject the volume.
   

Use the bootable installer

Determine whether you're using a Mac with Apple silicon, then follow the appropriate steps:

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1. Plug the bootable installer into a Mac that is connected to the internet and compatible with the version of macOS you're installing.
2. Turn on your Mac and continue to hold the power button until you see the startup options window, which shows your bootable volumes.
3. Select the volume containing the bootable installer, then click Continue.
4. When the macOS installer opens, follow the onscreen instructions.

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1. Plug the bootable installer into a Mac that is connected to the internet and compatible with the version of macOS you're installing.
2. Press and hold the Option (Alt) ⌥ key immediately after turning on or restarting your Mac.
3. Release the Option key when you see a dark screen showing your bootable volumes.
4. Select the volume containing the bootable installer. Then click the up arrow or press Return.
   If you can't start up from the bootable installer, make sure that the External Boot setting in Startup Security Utility is set to allow booting from external media.
5. Choose your language, if prompted.
6. Select Install macOS (or Install OS X) from the Utilities window, then click Continue and follow the onscreen instructions.

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A bootable installer doesn't download macOS from the internet, but it does require an internet connection to get firmware and other information specific to the Mac model. Star surveyor mac os.

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For information about the createinstallmedia command and the arguments you can use with it, make sure that the macOS installer is in your Applications folder, then enter the appropriate path in Terminal: